Political Conventions Day-by-Day

The United States presidential nominating conventions are held during the spring or summer of each quadrennial presidential election year by most political parties fielding nominees in the November presidential election. Along with selecting the party’s nominee for president, delegates to the conventions adopt the party’s platform—the party’s principals and goals for its candidates presidential administration. Most delegates to the conventions are selected through the presidential primary elections and caucus process and are pledged to vote for a specific presidential candidate during the nominating process. Other delegates, called â€Å"unpledged delegates† are seated automatically due to their status in the political party and are free to vote for the nominee of their choice. The cities hosting the conventions are selected by the national party organizations based on factors including availability of meeting space, lodging facilities, entertainment opportunities, and economic incentives. As they have grown into major, highly-publicized events drawing intense media coverage, the conventions offer significant economic benefits to the host cities. Although the U.S. presidential nominations have largely been settled during the primary/caucus cycle in recent elections, the national political party conventions continue to be an important part of the American political system. As you watch the conventions, heres whats happening on each of the four days. Day 1: The Keynote Address Coming on the first evening of the convention, the keynote address is the first of many, many speeches to follow. Typically delivered by one of the partys most influential leaders and speakers, the keynote address is designed to rally the delegates and stir their enthusiasm. Almost without exception, the keynote speaker will emphasize the accomplishments of his or her party, while listing and harshly criticizing the shortcomings of the other party and its candidates. Should the party have more than one candidate seriously vying for nomination at the convention, the keynote speaker will conclude by urging all party members to make peace and support the successful candidate in the upcoming campaign. Sometimes, it even works. Day 2: Credentials and Platforms On the conventions second day, the partys Credentials Committee will determine the eligibility of each delegate to be seated and vote for nominees.  Delegates and alternates from each state are typically chosen well before the convention, through the presidential primary and caucus system. The Credential Committee basically confirms the identity of the delegates and their authority to vote at the convention. Day-two of the convention also features the adoption of the partys platform -- the stance their candidates will take on key domestic and foreign policy issues. Typically, these stances, also called planks, have been decided well before the conventions. The platform of the incumbent party is usually created by sitting president or the White House staff. The opposition party seeks guidance in creating its platform from its leading candidates, as well as from leaders of business and industry, and a wide range of advocacy groups. The partys final platform must be approved by a majority of the delegates in a public roll-call vote. Day 3: The Nomination At last, what we came for, the nomination of candidates. To win the nomination, a candidate must get a majority -- more than half -- of the votes of all delegates. When the nominating roll call begins, each states delegate chairman, from Alabama to Wyoming, may either nominate a candidate or yield the floor to another state. A candidates name is officially placed into nomination through a nominating speech, delivered by the state chairman. At least one seconding speech will be delivered for each candidate and the roll call will continue until all candidates have been nominated. At last, the speeches and demonstrations end and the real voting begins. The states vote again in alphabetical order. A delegate from each state will take the microphone and announce something very similar to, Mr. (or Madame) Chairman, the great state of Texas casts all of its XX votes for the next president of the United States, Joe Doaks. The states may also split the votes of their delegations between more than one candidate. The roll call vote continues until one candidate has won the magic majority of the votes and is officially nominated as the partys presidential candidate. Should no single candidate win a majority, there will be more speeches, a lot more politics on the convention floor and more roll calls, until one candidate wins. Due mainly to the influence of the primary/caucus system, neither party has required more than one roll call vote since 1952. Day 4: Picking a Vice Presidential Candidate Just before everybody packs up and heads home, the delegates will confirm the vice presidential candidate named in advance by the presidential candidate. The delegates are not obligated to nominate the presidential candidates choice for vice president, but they always do. Even though the outcome is a foregone conclusion, the convention will go through ​the  same cycle of nominations, speeches, and voting. As the convention closes, the presidential and vice presidential candidates deliver acceptance speeches and the unsuccessful candidates give rousing speeches urging everyone in the party to pull together to support the partys candidates. The lights go out, the delegates go home, and the losers start running for the next election.

Gender Subjectivity, By Judith Butler - 841 Words

Gender subjectivity is another important aspect of the debate around gender because it focuses on a move away from the idea of innate sexual identity characteristics that divide human beings into male and female (Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 2014). This type of view challenges the essentialism of sexual difference into something more then a binary between male vs. female, heterosexual vs. homosexual, etc., as it recognizes that these dichotomies are problematic because the term of gender encompasses a whole range of identities across a spectrum. In particular ideas like what does it mean to be equal? (Butler) and seeing division of gender into binary conceptions of identity can be seen as a process of ‘othering’ (de Beauvoir) are some of the areas that this topic examines. Undoing Gender by Judith Butler This book features a collection of Judith Butler’s essays and her primary intention with this collection is to â€Å"focus on the question of what it might mean to undo restrictive normative conceptions of sexual and gendered life† (12). These essays look at the construction of gender and the way certain conceptions of it are normalized and reproduced in potentially harmful and limiting ways. Butler uses a feminist poststructural framework to critique the normalizing/marginalizing views of gender that exist because the â€Å"terms that make up one’s own gender are, from the start, out-side oneself, beyond oneself in a sociality that has no single author (and that radicallyShow MoreRelatedJudith Butler on Gender Trouble, Sex and Identity717 Words   |  3 Pagesof subjectivity. In Judith Butlers gender/sex/desired gender trouble, identities are defined as subjects created through discourse and have no axiomatic definition. Butler attempts to show the reader that identities formed to gender and sex are singular forms of linguistic categories that are subjective to change. Gender for instance, rephrase to the socially constructed characteristics of masculinity and femininity. Inasmuch as identity is assumed to the stabilizing concept of sex, gender, andRead MoreCultural Studies: What is Subjectivity? Essays1126 Words   |  5 PagesSubjectivity is a major aspect in every day life. It happens every second of the day, people are subjective and they have no idea that they are being that way. It comes naturally from people’s influences because it is the world we live in today. Subjectivity is culturally constructed rather that innate and naturally occurring, this will be discussed in depth through examples within performance/performativity and the examples used throughout the discussion of the importance of habitus. In the worldRead MoreThe Role Of Subjectivity And Its Impact On Identity1847 Words   |  8 Pagessocial identity and therefore subjectivity. Theorists such as, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu and Judith Butler are a minor fraction of academics that believe that subjectivity is not inherent and naturally occurring but dynamic and adaptable according to society and our ever-changing culture. It is through the concepts of performativity and habitus that the ideas surrounding subjectivity being dynamic and fluid are presented. Subjectivity â€Å"We think about subjectivities as actors’ thoughts, sentimentsRead MoreBodies That Matter By Judith Butler1341 Words   |  6 Pages In her book Bodies That Matter, Judith Butler discusses how reality is constructed by language, writing specifically about gender and sex. While there are biological facts, she points out the ramifications of affirming those facts. By forcing bodies into two categories, and then assigning certain traits to those two categories, bodies that do not fit into the defined binary become neglected and possibly hurt. In the film Boys Don’t Cry, the main character Brandon does not fit into this defined binaryRead MoreThe Fact Of Blackness By Frantz Fanon1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Black Skin, White Masks describes the anxiety felt while held in the gaze of the colonizer. A reading of Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble in conjunction with Fanon’s work raises questions and possible strategies on how to reject neocolonialism and c ontemporary white supremacy. Fanon’s idea of blackness is performative but not for the gain of the black man, rather for the white man. Butler suggests that regaining control of the black man’s fate comes from interpellation, the act, of interruptingRead MoreFrom Undoing Gender By Judith Butler960 Words   |  4 PagesJudith Butler’s approach in â€Å"From Undoing Gender† lets the audience see a different side of opinions regarding gender. Judith’s presence and way of speaking lets us look at things in a way we never had before. She demonstrates her way of thinking, acknowledges other peoples ways of thinking and also goes outside the box in creating her own definition of undergoing gender. When we look up gender in the dictionary it states â€Å"Although it is possible to define  gender  as â€Å"sex,† indicating that theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Haraway s Manifesto Manifesto Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmarriage equality, the conversion of oppositional consciousness into fashion trends and franchises). Perhaps this is why the transgender/genderqueer/non-binary communities, long transparent about their advocacy of fluid Selfs and liminal-based subjectivities, find such fierce resistance in response. In a culture that has come to rely on particular dichotomies to halt language slippage and stabilize itself, legal maneuvers such as North Carolina’s House Bills #2 and other similar legal maneuvers becomeRead MoreFilm, Paris, Burning, By Jennie Livingston, Director Of The 1990 Documentary Film2760 Words   |  12 Pages1990 documentary film, Paris is Burning, challenges the public to revisit their judgments on race, gender, and sexuality as she prov ocatively attempts to unravel the dynamic world of â€Å"ball culture† in New York City â€Å"and the African-American, Latino, gay, and transgender communities involved in it† (Livingston). It was Livingston’s investigation that affirmed the link I was uncovering between the gender performance popularly described as drag and spirit possession. The act of men embodying women throughRead MoreThe Queer Of Queer Youth889 Words   |  4 Pagesof additional resources. Purpose Statement I am interested in identifying specific discursive moves that sustain, interrogate, complicate, or upset the hegemonic imposition of particular types of performances (Butler, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2004) that relate to and regulate queer subjectivities in high school media center resources about and for queer youth. I want to examine the ways in which those discursive moves factor into high school media specialists’ and administrators’ processes for selectingRead MoreThe Socialization and Medicalization of Gender: A Biocultural View1988 Words   |  8 Pages Gender is one of the most socially ingrained social constructs. The rigid enforcement of gender is harshly controlled by the medicalization and what I will refer to as the construction of the illness of gender transgression. I postulate that there are two forms of gender transgression: a general rejection of gender norms and a rejection of these boundaries in manners that do not fit into the dominant script of gender ( i.e. deciding to transition). When someone â€Å"transgresses† the boundaries of gender

Short Critical Reflection Essay Free Essays

Some might say the crime of the 21st century will be white collar. If that is true, what will be the major types of cybercrime? How can we safeguard against it? As technology evolves, and monetary transactions become more commonplace over the internet, it is almost like an invitation is being sent out to give dishonest people an open arena for many types of cybercrimes. Computer viruses have evolved from the Brain, introduced in 1986 as a preventative measure against copying programs on floppy disks, to more dangerous ones today. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Critical Reflection Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years, computer viruses became a tool for criminals targeting internet banking and government websites. † (Groot-2011) Cyber criminals use such things as botnets (cybercrime infrastructures which consist of ‘hijacked’ computers used for illegal activities), phishing (using fake websites or e-mails pretending to be your bank or credit card company to collect your passwords and logins for internet banking), and Trojan, which disguises itself as a useful application, but allows third parties to gain access to personal data on your computer. There are tens of thousands of forms of malware out there, and they can do anything from compromise and wipe out bank accounts to access and threaten top secret government programs. One thing we as users can do is to remember that banks never ask for passwords or pin numbers through email, so if by chance we receive an email asking for this, DELETE it. Another way to safeguard against potential threats is by using security software. â€Å"The best protection is to install a virus protection application on your computer. (Bowles-2010) To help track down cyber delinquents, around 200 CERT (Cyber security and Incident Response Team) teams are in place in 43 countries around the world, which, originally established by the Dutch government, â€Å"doesn’t have investigative powers, but works closely with the police and Public Prosecution Office and uses the expertise of anti-virus companies to limit damage. † (Groot-2011) Our own Department of Justice â€Å"has a Computer C rime and Intellectual Property Section that is responsible for finding those individuals who are abusing the powers of computers and breaking the law. (Bowles-2010) Hopefully, more and more of these types of cyber agencies will emerge and help slow down the instances of cybercrime. Online education has evolved over the last ten years as much as the cell phone. Given this, what have been some of the major improvements and changes in the digital classroom? One of the major improvements in the digital classroom, at least the ones at Ashford, is having the accessibility of online text books. My 19 year old daughter is taking college classes online through another school, and she has to order all of her text books and wait for the mailman to deliver them. More than once, the books have arrived after her class began, which left her so behind in her studies. Online education also offers the benefit of working and studying at our own pace and leisure, while also offering us (students) the ability to connect to learning opportunities anywhere, anytime. Being a mom, I have also noticed how my children’s’ school has started adopting technology in their classrooms; for example, using smart boards instead of the traditional chalkboards that we had in our day. The teachers post homework assignments online, as well as grades, attendance, and schedules. My three high school students email back and forth with their teachers, coaches and musical directors. As stated in our text book, â€Å"Most educators see online learning as essential for the long–term success of their schools. † (Bowles-2010) I am inclined to agree with that, as I see daily interactions between my teenagers and their teachers. In addition, with all the crazy laws out there de-personalizing the school relationships between students and teachers in the school setting, where a simple hand on the shoulder could lead to a teacher’s dismissal, this at least gives students the sense that their teachers view them as important. Technology can fundamentally change the learning process so it’s more engaging and tailored to students’ needs and interests. † (ed. gov-2010) If I post a poem on my Facebook site and someone cuts and pastes it on their site is that a case for stealing my intellectual property? The answer to this lies in anoth er question. Who is the original author? If you post a poem that is the creation of someone else in the first place, (and if you did and it is, you had better give credit to said author! ), then the answer would be a resounding no. Someone else cutting and pasting an already referenced work cannot be considered an act of plagiarism. However, if the poem in question is an original example of your own talent as a poet, then I would say you have a case for that person stealing your intellectual property. That being said, if you post a poem online, then you obviously had intent of sharing it, which anyone proud of their accomplishments would want to do. At the same time, you wouldn’t wish for someone else to take credit for your idea(s). â€Å"One option is the traditional copyright, and another is available from Creative Commons. (Bowles-2010) The traditional copyright gives the originator of innovative creation absolute rights to it, usually for a limited time. It also â€Å"gives the copyright holder the right to be credited for the work, to determine who may adapt the work to other forms, who may perform the work, and who may financially benefit from it. † (Wikipedia-2012) Nevertheless, if the co pyright runs out, the content becomes public domain, where anyone can use, distribute, or otherwise utilize the work, without legal implications. Another alternative is Creative Commons, a nonprofit organization that promotes legal sharing and remixing. â€Å"Authors and artists can submit their work with copyright terms attached, such as â€Å"all rights reserved,† â€Å"some rights reserved,† or â€Å"no rights reserved. † (Bowles-2010) References: Willemien, Groot (2011) Cybercrime is the threat of the future Retrieved from http://www. rnw. nl/english/article/cyber-crime-threat-future ed. gov 11/09/2010 The Digital Transformation in Education: U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan’s remarks at the State Educational Technology Directors Association Education Forum Retrieved from http://www. ed. gov/news/speeches/%E2%80%9C-digital-transformation-education%E2%80%9D-us-secretary-education-arne-duncan Bowles, M. D. (2010) Introduction to computer literacy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUINF103. 10. 2/sections/sec8. 1 The United States Department of Justice Computer Crime Intellectual Property Section Retrieved from How to cite Short Critical Reflection Essay, Essay examples

Cultural Anthropology Exam Study Guide free essay sample

Lucy- a Australopithecus fossil, found in Ethiopia Lewis Henry Morgan- supporter of evolutionism/uni-lineal evolution, came up with the hierarchy of cultures (savagery, barbarism, civilization) * Napoleon Chagnon- studied the Yanamamo, was banned from the villages by the governments and Catholic church for misrepresenting the people * Carol Stack- studied â€Å"fictive kin† in African American communities. Nisa- a member of the ! Kung San peoples of the Kalahari desert, studied by Marjorie Shostak * Karl Marx- supported conflict theory, which says societies are held together by power/strife * Julian Steward- developed the concept and method of cultural ecology (the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments) * Marjorie Shostak- wrote about the ! Kung San people from the Kalahari desert (! Nisa) * Leslie White-said the most important aspect of human culture is the use of symbolic systemsCulture- a people’s total way of life that is learned within the culture and shared within the society * Artifacts- objects made or altered by human hands Cultural consultant/key informants- choosing someone in the community to work with and get connections from (someone who is respected and in the know) * Naturalized concepts- deeply embedded ideas about how the world should operate, are viewed as normal and natural Cultural models- * Fieldwork- the hallmark of the discipline, anthropologists try to establish a rapport, have to follow the AAA code of ethics * Ethnography- the documentation of a single culture * Ethnology- comparative study of cultures Physical/biological anthropology- one of the 4 subfields of anthropology, the study of humans as biological beings, includes primatologists, paleoanthropologists, and forensic anthropologists * Archaeology- one of the 4 subfields of anthropology, the study of human remains of past cultures * Linguistics- one of the 4 subfields of anthropology, the history and structure of language and its social aspects * Ethno-linguistics- study the relationship between a language and its culture * Socio-linguistics- study how context and status impact language and its usage (nonverbal communication and silent language) * Cultural knowledge- knowledge about prevailing social norms, practices, beliefs, and values in a culture * Participant observation- going into a culture and experiencing it through emic eyes * Emic- seeing the culture as a member of that culture * Etic- scientific and objective study of a society and its practices * Ethnocentrism- judging another based on one’s own cultural standards and views (ex. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Anthropology Exam Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gross, nasty) * Cultural relativism- understanding cultural traits from within the context of the culture * Cultural ecology- is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments * Cultural universals- common human features (food, family, education, beauty, etc. ) * Attributes- the size, color, shape, purpose, material, etc of an artifact * 3p’s- * Power- ability to get what you want over the objections of others * Prestige- your social honor/reputation, ex. honorifics * Property- material wealth and other resources, ex. Cows or money * Anthropological theories- a framework to generate hypotheses that explain various aspects of the culture. Empiricism- challenged evolutionism, direct observation and objective description are important for understanding culture * 4. Functionalism/structural functionalism- Says societies are giant physical organisms held together by cultural traits * 5. Conflict theory- Says societies are held together by power/strife (the haves vs. the have-nots) * Eco-facts- remains of plants and animals that can be found near living sites * Heterogeneous culture- members have few shared traits * Homogeneous culture- members have many shared traits * AAA (American Anthropological Association)- governs fieldwork, anthropologists must: * Respect subjects, both human and animal * Respect the environment Respect the discipline Get informed consent * Transparency- let people know what your goal is * Just compensation * First do no harm * Culture shock- all the feelings one has when exposed to a new environment (culture) * Enculturation- Learning one’s culture from infancy or while growing up in the culture * Socialization- learning how to fit in your culture, it is a lifelong process since culture constantly changes * Life shock- Sudden unexpected experience; Can lead to fainting, hysteria, and puking * Field techniques- includes participant observation, interviews (formal and informal), and life history * Field anthropology- anthropologists who do fieldwork Applied anthropology- refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems * Rapport- a harmonious relationship with the people you are studying * Life histories- getting someone’s life story to understand them better * Polyphony of voices- getting many opinions and stories when doing fieldwork * Cultural symbols- Things that represent ideas and concepts to people in a culture * Cultural consensus- getting an accurate description of what really happens in a culture from many people in that culture * Taboo- behaviors or actions that are prohibited in a culture * Components of culture: cognitive (what we think), behavioral (what we do), and material (our artifacts)